安装 linux 发行版

对比了 ubuntu, manjaro, arch 这三个发行版，最好用的还是 arch。对比另外两个发行版，arch 是最稳定、可靠的。

启动盘

使用 ventoy 制作启动盘:

https://www.ventoy.net/cn/index.html

arch 装机

参考:

https://archlinuxstudio.github.io/ArchLinuxTutorial

安装蓝牙:

https://linuxhint.com/configure_bluetooth_arch_linux/

安装 xfce:

https://www.jianshu.com/p/f2197f0b064b

安装软件

matlab

If you are using MATLAB(>=2022a), follow these steps...
cd <matlab installer root directory>
cd /bin/glnxa64
ls | grep libfreetype
mkdir exclude
mv libfreetype.so.x.xx.x exclude/

• matlab 字体问题:

解决方案在这个网站上:
https://panqiincs.me/2019/06/05/after-installing-manjaro/

首先安装如下字体：
sudo pacman -S ttf-roboto noto-fonts ttf-dejavu
# 文泉驿
sudo pacman -S wqy-bitmapfont wqy-microhei wqy-microhei-lite wqy-zenhei
# 思源字体
sudo pacman -S noto-fonts-cjk adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts adobe-source-han-serif-cn-fonts

创建文件:~/.config/fontconfig/fonts.conf
写入如下配置:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd">

<fontconfig>

    <its:rules xmlns:its="http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its" version="1.0">
        <its:translateRule translate="no" selector="/fontconfig/*[not(self::description)]"/>
    </its:rules>

    <description>Manjaro Font Config</description>

    <!-- Font directory list -->
    <dir>/usr/share/fonts</dir>
    <dir>/usr/local/share/fonts</dir>
    <dir prefix="xdg">fonts</dir>
    <dir>~/.fonts</dir> <!-- this line will be removed in the future -->

    <!-- 自动微调 微调 抗锯齿 内嵌点阵字体 -->
    <match target="font">
        <edit name="autohint"> <bool>false</bool> </edit>
        <edit name="hinting"> <bool>true</bool> </edit>
        <edit name="antialias"> <bool>true</bool> </edit>
        <edit name="embeddedbitmap" mode="assign"> <bool>false</bool> </edit>
    </match>

    <!-- 英文默认字体使用 Roboto 和 Noto Serif ,终端使用 DejaVu Sans Mono. -->
    <match>
        <test qual="any" name="family">
            <string>serif</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
            <string>Noto Serif</string>
        </edit>
    </match>
    <match target="pattern">
        <test qual="any" name="family">
            <string>sans-serif</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
            <string>Roboto</string>
        </edit>
    </match>
    <match target="pattern">
        <test qual="any" name="family">
            <string>monospace</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
            <string>DejaVu Sans Mono</string>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <!-- 中文默认字体使用思源宋体,不使用 Noto Sans CJK SC 是因为这个字体会在特定情况下显示片假字. -->
    <match>
        <test name="lang" compare="contains">
            <string>zh</string>
        </test>
        <test name="family">
            <string>serif</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="prepend">
            <string>Source Han Serif CN</string>
        </edit>
    </match>
    <match>
        <test name="lang" compare="contains">
            <string>zh</string>
        </test>
        <test name="family">
            <string>sans-serif</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="prepend">
            <string>Source Han Sans CN</string>
        </edit>
    </match>
    <match>
        <test name="lang" compare="contains">
            <string>zh</string>
        </test>
        <test name="family">
            <string>monospace</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="prepend">
            <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <!-- 把Linux没有的中文字体映射到已有字体，这样当这些字体未安装时会有替代字体 -->
    <match target="pattern">
        <test qual="any" name="family">
            <string>SimHei</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="assign" binding="same">
            <string>Source Han Sans CN</string>
        </edit>
    </match>
    <match target="pattern">
        <test qual="any" name="family">
            <string>SimSun</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="assign" binding="same">
            <string>Source Han Serif CN</string>
        </edit>
    </match>
    <match target="pattern">
        <test qual="any" name="family">
            <string>SimSun-18030</string>
        </test>
        <edit name="family" mode="assign" binding="same">
            <string>Source Han Serif CN</string>
        </edit>
    </match>

    <!-- Load local system customization file -->
    <include ignore_missing="yes">conf.d</include>
    <!-- Font cache directory list -->
    <cachedir>/var/cache/fontconfig</cachedir>
    <cachedir prefix="xdg">fontconfig</cachedir>
    <!-- will be removed in the future -->
    <cachedir>~/.fontconfig</cachedir>

    <config>
        <!-- Rescan in every 30s when FcFontSetList is called -->
        <rescan> <int>30</int> </rescan>
    </config>

</fontconfig>

pdf

编辑 pdf:
libreoffice --draw pdf_file
查看 pdf:
okular pdf_file

Manjaro 装机 (不要用 Manjaro, 很难用, 小问题不断! 直接用 arch)

参考:

https://github.com/orangbus/Tool

中文输入法

https://arch.icekylin.online/rookie/desktop-env-and-app.html#_12-2-%E8%8B%A5%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-ext4-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F

选择清华源:

sudo pacman-mirrors -i -c China -m rank   

添加中文社区仓库 (这条还是不要做了):

[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch

多版本软件用 spack

用 yay 安装 aur 容易挂掉

cd ~/build
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package_name.git
cd package_name
makepkg -si
pacman -U package_name-version-architecture.pkg.tar.zst

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Arch_User_Repository#Installing_and_upgrading_packages

Manjaro 自带的 pamac 图形化包管理器在设置中即可开启 AUR 支持。命令行下我选用了 yay，可以直接从官方 community 仓库中安装：

# 后面那个是编译包时需要的一些工具，不然会报错缺少 fakeroot 之类的
sudo pacman -S yay base-devel

# 设置 AUR 清华镜像源
yay --aururl "https://aur.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn" --save

# 开启 pacman 和 yay 的彩色输出
sudo sed -i "s/#Color/Color/g" /etc/pacman.conf

安装google chrome

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/google-chrome.git
cd google-chrome
makepkg -si

安装 wps

sudo pacman -S wps-office
sudo pacman -S ttf-wps-fonts